Search Engine Optimization (SEO), also known as search engine positioning or organic (natural) SEO, means to optimize website content as well as search engine popularity to gain high search engine visibility. The ultimate goal is to attract more potential customers to visit your website.

The start point of SEO services is generally at the stage when the website is ready for launch. But actually, this should be moved right to the planning stage of the website and the design of the website should be made such that the website becomes search engine friendly. Many web designers start designing the website but they hardly know what SEO and what ideas they can implement in the early stages of web designing. If this is done at the early stages, the final outcome would be a website which the search engines cannot stop falling in love with. Here are some points which web designers or people looking at getting a website can keep in mind while designing websites:

• Flash not too Flashy – Use of Flash in websites is good but do not overdo it. Flash can be SEO-friendly and web accessible, however, open web languages like HTML, CSS and JavaScript serve the best purpose. Flash is good for providing a nice interactive experience to the visitor on the site, but then again search engines are not too good at reading the content in a Flash movie. In case, if you are using Flash, ensure that the HTML page contains vital information on your site links and these are not embedded in the Flash file. Avoid using Flash for navigation menu. Instead try DHTML (Dynamic HTML).
• Main Text – Search engines use a text based reader called a “spider”. These spiders read a web page from left to right and from top to bottom all the while ignoring the design aspects. All they are interested in is the text – specially the top 20 lines of your webpage. Make full use of this early paragraph area to include relevant keywords. The numbers vary from engine to engine, but you can assume the first 50 words are crucial, the next 50 are important; the 50 following that are likely to be read. Try to get the important keywords — the expressions you expect your visitors to use in their searches — included in the first 150 lines of the text.
• Directory Structure - Many a times web designers tend to keep a flat directory structure where they have all the website pages in the ROOT folder. This is good if the website is small and there are not many pages to maintain. But when it comes to big websites, breaking down the webpages in different sections works the best. For example (see figure), a website selling books may have their home page in the root folder while segregating each books webpage in their respective directories like Science-Fiction, Adventure, Cooking, etc.

A quick tip: do not plan to put your webpages more than three levels deep. A good hierarchal structure can play a significant role in how well the site gets spidered and pages re-indexed in the search engines.

• File Names - The filenames in a website play a crucial role. Using a file name for a web page like “first-page.html” or “xyz.html” would load the page fine when accessed, but will certainly take away a chance of stuffing a keyword. Try to name the pages such that it carries the Title of the webpage instead of “page1.html”, “page2.html” and so on. Taking the earlier example of a website selling books; it would be a good idea to name the web page selling a book on cocktail recipes as “cocktail-recipes.html” instead of “page1.html”. Some other points to keep in mind are:
  • Do not use space in the file names as a space is denoted as %20 when it is rendered in a URL. So a page like “my web page.html” would look alright when you see it in your computer but when called from a browser would be rendered as “www.yoursitename.com/my%20web%20page.html”. This makes it difficult for people to remember the URL.
  • Separate the words in your file name with hyphen (-). Since we are not able to use a space to separate the words in a file name, use a hyphen to split the words so that it becomes easy to read and identify. Moreover, the hyphen character is regarded by search engines as a word separator, much the way a space is.
  • Use lowercase to name your files. Under Windows OS, you may have got used to the fact that “MyWebPage.html” refers to the same file as “mywebpage.html”. This is not the case with all operating systems. For example, Unix-based systems like Linux and FreeBSD consider them to be two different files.
• Image Names - Now this is one of the common mistakes that has been found in websites. Many webmasters or graphic designers prepare the design in software like Adobe Photoshop and then use the automatic slicing tool to slice the images. Next they bring this in to a static HTML and replace the places for text with actual text and white spaces with spacers to reduce the file size of the web page. But they tend to forget that the images carry names like “image01.jpg”, image02.jpg” and so on. For those who take care to rename the images, many a times, rename them as “logo.jpg” for the company logo or “header.jpg” for a header image. This should be avoided. The idea is to name the actual file correctly by giving it a key term. For example “blue-tshirt.jpg” would yield better results than using some random name like “image01.jpg” because this gives the site extra context. Also make sure that when these images are put in to the website, necessary ALT tag content is also provided. The benefit is that sites like Google Images can index them better and after all that is another way of getting traffic to the website.
• Sitemap - A sitemap is a tool that aids search engine crawlers’ gain contextual meaning about a site’s web page. Create a site map that links to the major sections and sub-sections of the website. Sitemaps are a useful tool for making sites built in Flash and other non-html languages searchable. Preferably the site map should be linked to from every page and the recommend file names for the site map are “sitemap.html” or “site-map.html.” You can even use online sitemap generators which crawls the website and prepare an XML sitemap. Google recommends using this and submitting the same in Google Webmaster Tools.
• Anchor Text - The anchor text is the text inside the “A” tags that links to other pages either inside the website or to some other website. It is important for the anchor text to contain a description of where the link is taking the visitor but this is even more important for search engines because it tells its crawlers where the link is going. Avoid using words like “Click Here” as an anchor text. Instead use a relevant keyword for that web page or website.
• Title - It can be said that the Title of the website is one of the most important factors for a successful search engine optimized website. The title is nothing but the text that you see in the reverse bar on the left side of your browser. The title is very crucial for the ranking of your website as it is this Title tag that is used by the search engines to show your listing in the search results. For example, a website of a book store in Ahmedabad carrying a title tag like “Welcome to ACME” will not mean much. People probably won’t click on that link because they don’t know who you are. It would be a better idea to rephrase the title to read “Buy books online on adventure, cooking, science fiction and more in Ahmedabad”. It is also a good idea to have each page in the web site use a unique title and should reflect keywords that are relevant to that page. Remember that it is not only the home page that will lead a visitor to your website and so it is important that each page in the website is properly optimized.
• META Tags - Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified and other metadata. Here is an explanation of the common meta tags:
  • Description: The description is displayed in the search engine result page and helps to distinguish your site from the others in the list. The description tag should be written in such way that it will show what information your website contains or what your website is about. Write short and clear sentences that will not confuse your visitors.
  • Keyword: The keyword tags should contain between 4 and 10 keywords or key phrases. They should be listed with commas and should correspond to the major search phrases you are targeting. Every word in this tag should appear somewhere in the body, or the website might get penalized for irrelevance. No single word should appear more than twice or it may be considered spam.
  • Robots: One other Meta tag worth mentioning is the robots tag. This lets you specify that a particular page or a directory should NOT be indexed by a search engine or which pages in your website should the spiders follow and index.
• Valid Code - Many webmasters or designers overlook a very important aspect of website design – the validity of the HTML code. Search engines have to parse the HTML code on the website to find the relevant content. If the HTML code contains errors, search engines might not be able to find everything on the page. Search engine crawler programs obey the HTML standard and they can only index the web site if it is compliant to the HTML standards. After the website is designed and the relevant HTML generated, validate the html and CSS code and make the code W3C standard. A quick tool to validate the html code can be found at http://validator.w3.org and to validate the CSS code, visit http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator

Graphic and web designers love beautiful websites and SEO experts love optimized content and code. Neither should be ignored as these days, both are equally important. What good it would be if you have a nice and flashy design but no one to visit the site as it is not loved by the search engines? Keeping in mind some basic web designing principles during the planning stage would give immediate benefits and reduce the work load of SEO companies or experts.

Do you have any tips or techniques you use while designing websites in a search engine friendly manner? If so, do leave a comment as it would help many as it is always a good idea to share knowledge.

• Windows Live Space: a free tool from Microsoft that allows you to setup a blog with all the right tools. Moreover, you can also add it to you Office Live Small Business Web Site.
• WordPress: Comes in two flavors – plain vanilla hosted version running on www.wordpress.com and a sundae version from www.wordpress.org. The plain vanilla version provides a hosted platform with all wordpress installations and configurations taken care of while the sundae version allows you to download the entire platform and setup it up on your own web hosting space.
• Blogger: another free tool from Google for setting up a blog.
• TypePad: another hosted service with many features and a simple start-up process.

• Read other blogs and see what and how others are writing. Subscribe to blogs that interest you so that you are notified whenever new posts are made. Moreover, reading what others are writing is a great source for inspiration and new ideas.
• Post as often as possible. Make it a habit or setup reminders so that you do not miss posting. Remember, this builds up reader loyalty and readers who know about your blog would be awaiting some fresh content from you.
• Network with other bloggers and make comments in their blog postings. This is important in building up your own readership. Do not spam or write irrelevent comments for the sake of it. Make relevant and useful comments and you shall begin to see some traffic and links coming back to your blog.
• Encourage your readers and visitors to make comments. Write in a way that asks for readers opinions, ask questions. Engage them.
• Spread your wings and link out to other relevant content and blog sites. Adding feeds to sites like Technorati, Delicious, StumbleUpon, Twitter, Facebook, etc. really helps spread your post to thousands.

Result – back links and pages in search results started throwing up a nasty 404 Error Page.

Solution – apply a 301 Permanent Page Redirect with immediate effect!

There are multiple reasons when you would have to redirect URLs:

• Your web pages may have moved but their old URLs may still be live in users’ bookmarks or in search engine indexes. Without implementing some sort or redirection, that traffic would be lost to a 404 Error Page.
• You may have changed the primary domain names as part of a company name change or a switch in the domain name to accommodate a more keyword-friendly domain.
• If you read the Google Webmaster guidelines, it clearly mentions that a site with www and a non-www site are both indexed as separate websites. Since each version is technically a different URL, to have both versions available for indexing affects PageRank, as it is being split between multiple sites. In that case, setting a preferred domain or performing a redirect helps.
• There could be some additional domains with catchy keywords registered by you. In order to capture traffic from these ancillary domain sources without presenting duplicate content to the engines and running the risk of being penalized a redirect is the best choice.

There may be many more reasons to opt in for a 301 redirect, but these are all that come to my mind as of now. If you have any reasons to share, I’m sure that would be a great resource.

• Read the Facebook rules and regulations first before starting. This would help to understand how a business profile can be used to market your business.
• Install appropriate applications to integrate feeds from your blog and other social media accounts into your Facebook profile. For example, you can integrate your Twitter account with Facebook to display the Tweets as part of the feed.
• Ensure your profile privacy. To ensure a nice grained control, start by creating groups and sorting your friends in these groups list. For example, create a group list called “Business” and put all your business related contacts under this list. Create a list called “Friends” and put all your personal friends in this list. Further, you can now apply privacy settings to these lists to ensure who see’s what.
• Post a professional or business photo to reinforce your brand. Limit business contacts’ access to personal photos in your profile.
• Post your newsletter subscription information and archives somewhere in your profile. This could be an external link to your blog our website too.
• Connect and share with others. Obtain a Facebook vanity URL so that people can find you easily. This also makes them remember you profile page easily.
• Add your Facebook URL to your email signature and any marketing collateral (business cards, etc.) so prospects can learn more about you.
• Post regular business updates on your wall. Focus on business activities, such as “Working on web site redesign for ACME Company.”
• Share useful articles and links to presentation and valuable resources that interest customers and prospects on your wall, to establish credibility.
• Market your products by posting discounts, package deals or exhibition events. Post upcoming events including webinars, conferences and other programs where you or someone from your company will be present. Facebook provides the facility of setting up a Events tab with the facility of RSVP. 
• Use Network, Group and Fan Pages Start a group or fan page for product, brand or business.
• Unless you or your business is already a household name, a group is usually the better choice. Add basic information to the group or fan page such as links to company site, newsletter subscription information and newsletter archives.
• Update your group or fan page on a regular basis with helpful information and answers to questions. Join network, industry and alumni groups related to your business. Use search to find groups and fan pages related to your business by industry, location and career.

More than 80% of all Internet users find new web sites through search engines (Source: Georgia Tech/GVU Users Survey). That means that about 650 million people use search engines to find web sites. It is very important to do the right things in the right order if you want to have high search engine rankings. It is not enough to submit your web site to search engines and to wait for the results.

Search engines use a variety of factors to rank web sites. You have to work on all factors if you want to achieve good results. Here are few of them:

1. Find the right keywords for your web site: The right keywords are not always obvious. It is very important that you target the right keywords before you start with your search engine optimization work.
2. Optimize your web pages for these keywords: Optimizing your web pages for your important keywords is crucial if you want to have high search engine rankings. Optimizing one or two pages is not enough. Search engines analyze all pages of your web site and they put these pages in a context. It is important that the combination of your web pages shows search engines that your web site is relevant to a special topic.
3. Submit your web pages to all important search engines and directories: After optimizing your web site for several keywords, you can submit your web site to search engines and Internet directories. Although search engine submission is not as important as it was (many search engines will find your web site through links on other sites), it can still help you to get your web site listed faster.
4. Get links from other web sites and make sure that these links contain your keywords: Links from other web sites are extremely important if you want to have high search engine rankings. Your web site must have good incoming links to get high search engine rankings. High search engine rankings are always the result of optimized web pages and good incoming links.